Different law enforcement agencies have different names for cross-border violence, and with it different definitions, I’m told.
According to one definition, there hasn’t been any “spillover” violence from Ciudad Juarez to El Paso (yet — it’s gone to the West and East, but not openly E.P.). There is concern for the growing threat, particularly as gunshot victims — police officers and others — have been taken to El Paso for medical treatment, as discussed in this LA Times article by Miguel Bustillo.
The only hospital within a 280-mile radius to offer state-of-the-art trauma care, Thomason has become an unwilling treatment center of choice for law enforcement officials and others in the vicinity wounded in Mexico’s drug turf battles. The violence has killed more than 2,000 people this year, and more than double that number in the 20 months since President Felipe Calderon began deploying 40,000 troops across the country to crack down on narcotics trafficking.
Thomason has treated 28 people wounded on the other side of the border this year, spending an estimated $1 million, hospital administrators said. Nineteen were U.S. citizens or had dual citizenship, and the rest had legal permission to enter the country.
Mexican police officers in a number of border towns have come to U.S. ports of entry, seeking asylum out of fear of drug traffickers. In one incident, the police chief of Puerto Palomas, in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, just south of Columbus, New Mexico, and nearly 80 miles west of El Paso, came to the port after several officers quit the force in March.
From Manuel Roig-Franzia of the Washington Post:
Javier Emilio Pérez Ortega, a workaholic Mexican police chief, showed up at the sleepy, two-lane border crossing here last month and asked U.S. authorities for political asylum.
Behind him, law and order was vanishing fast. In the four months he had served as Puerto Palomas police chief, drug traffickers had threatened to kill him and his officers if they tried to block the flow of cocaine, marijuana and methamphetamines into the United States, his former colleagues said on condition of anonymity.
After a particularly menacing telephone call, his 10-man force resigned en masse. His bodyguards quit, too. Abandoned by his men and unable to trust the notoriously corrupt Mexican authorities, Pérez Ortega turned to the only place he believed he could find refuge — the United States, the former colleagues said.
While the violence may not have hit El Paso (at least not reported), it’s certainly happened elsewhere, particularly with kidnapping in Arizona and California.
MEXICO UNDER SIEGEMexico drug war’s costs, risks exported to U.S.
Vanessa Monsisvais / El Paso TimesCasey Garcia’s stroller was pinned between a truck and a wall after a shootout between drug factions in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The 1-year-old’s father, Todd Turner, stands at her bedside at Thomason Hospital in El Paso.Officers and others wounded across the border are increasingly being transferred to an El Paso hospital.EL PASO — Lorenzo de la Torre Torres was on the cusp of death.Drug cartel hit men had pumped the deputy police chief with more than 20 bullets, and slightly wounded his boss, after a wild car chase in Nuevo Casas Grandes, the Mexican city the two were supposed to protect.The only hospital within a 280-mile radius to offer state-of-the-art trauma care, Thomason has become an unwilling treatment center of choice for law enforcement officials and others in the vicinity wounded in Mexico’s drug turf battles. The violence has killed more than 2,000 people this year, and more than double that number in the 20 months since President Felipe Calderon began deploying 40,000 troops across the country to crack down on narcotics trafficking.
Thomason has treated 28 people wounded on the other side of the border this year, spending an estimated $1 million, hospital administrators said. Nineteen were U.S. citizens or had dual citizenship, and the rest had legal permission to enter the country.
Most of their identities have not been made public. One of the most recent was a bystander: a 1-year-old Juarez girl who was crushed by a runaway pickup truck after gunmen killed the driver in an apparently drug-related hit.
Because of the security threat posed by the wounded Mexican officers, the hospital has had to post guards and limit public access three times this year. It has even adopted a color-coded alert system similar to that of the Department of Homeland Security, letting workers and visitors know of the danger posed by the drug war targets inside.
The lockdowns have served as a frightening reminder that El Paso may not be immune from the mayhem consuming Ciudad Juarez, its more populous sister city across the Rio Grande, where more than 750 people have been killed this year.
El Paso leaders are frustrated and angry at the cost and risks brought about by their unexpected guests.
“It seems we don’t find out until they walk in the hospital door,” El Paso Mayor John Cook said. “If I, as the mayor, cross the border, it takes me a lot longer than it’s taking some of these wounded folks. Clearly, some deals have been made at a higher level of government, and we didn’t know about them.”
El Paso officials last month took their worries to Washington, where Homeland Security officials assured them that there was no diplomatic deal to bring the drug war’s wounded to Texas. Still, some El Paso leaders note that such transfers do not seem to be happening elsewhere on the border. They want the federal government to reimburse their costs.
Mexican officials have fully repaid the hospital for only one of the Mexican officers it has treated, and made partial payment for another. Thomason has gotten about $314,000 from the patients, their employers, insurers, and state and federal funding, hospital spokeswoman Margaret Althoff-Olivas said. Thomason expects that most of its costs will have to be borne by the state and federal government, she said.
“If I got shot down there, do you think I’d get this kind of an escort? I’d be lucky to come back in a garbage truck,” said James Valenti, the hospital’s chief executive. “We don’t know whether some of the people being brought here are bad guys or good guys. But the history south of the border is that these people [hit men] will go to the hospital to finish the job if they need to. We’re not equipped to deal with threats like that.”
Last year, gunmen stormed a Tijuana hospital in search of a wounded accomplice, killing two state police officers.
Thomason administrators do not want to accept the patients, but have no choice under federal law. About half — including the Nuevo Casas Grandes police chief, who had a hand wound — did not need the Level 1 trauma care for which the hospital is known, those officials say.
The number of injured with U.S. ties has surprised some El Paso officials, who privately questioned whether some of the wounded were working with the U.S. government to stop drug trafficking.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents assisted in escorting one high-ranking Mexican police official into the United States and provided armed security for him at Thomason Hospital, said Roberto G. Medina, special agent in charge of ICE’s Office of Investigations in El Paso.
Medina declined to elaborate, saying only, “ICE agents and officers routinely share intelligence and resources with other law enforcement agencies as needed. We will continue working with our partners to ensure public safety in and around El Paso.”
The first lockdown occurred after Fernando Lozano Sandoval, commander of the Chihuahua State Investigations Agency, was shot multiple times by gunmen who ambushed his sport utility vehicle Jan. 21 in Ciudad Juarez.
Lozano, who has dual citizenship, was taken to a Mexican hospital and kept under military guard. Two days later, ICE officials helped transfer him to Thomason. El Paso police and sheriff’s deputies posted guards outside the hospital around the clock for three weeks.
Six months later, Thomason administrators locked down the hospital again, for the Nuevo Casas Grandes officers. Last month, the hospital was locked down after a Juarez police officer who was shot multiple times July 11 was allowed to cross the border to seek treatment.
Sylvia Zamarripa was visiting her father-in-law during the most recent lockdown and found the show of force disturbing.
“That’s why I left Juarez, to get away from things like that,” said Zamarripa, 65, who moved to El Paso more than a decade ago. “It looked like Colombia during the reign of Pablo Escobar,” she said, referring to the late drug lord.
El Paso County Sheriff Santiago “Jimmy” Apodaca said he did not like having to pay deputies overtime to guard the hospital, but he had to ensure the safety of El Paso, which was named the second-safest city in the U.S. last year in an independent ranking of cities with more than half a million people. Apodaca said he saw little reason to worry that drug war violence would cross the Rio Grande. But he was taking no chances.
“Bordering on Juarez, the most violent city in Mexico and one of the most violent cities anywhere besides Iraq, you’re always vigilant,” Apodaca said. “But those people [hit men] down there know who they’re after, and they know how to get them.”
Drug cartels have traditionally assassinated U.S. targets discreetly, if at all, avoiding the type of Wild West gunfight that has become commonplace in Mexican border towns such as Tijuana and Nuevo Laredo.
Still, some law enforcement officials have long worried that the close relationships between cities on the border, and the drug distribution networks on both sides, could bring open violence to Texas cities. An e-mail message circulating in Juarez in June warned of impending violence at three El Paso nightclubs deemed narco hangouts. Similarly, a list obtained by U.S. officials named about 20 people in Texas and New Mexico who were alleged to be targets of the drug cartels.
El Paso County Commissioner Veronica Escobar said she hoped that Thomason stayed out of harm’s way. The hospital has prospered while other county hospitals have struggled, she said. Voters last year approved a $120-million bond issue to build a children’s hospital at the site.
“There is no doubt that in at least some of these cases folks were fleeing Mexico to be under the safe umbrella of the United States, and I can’t blame them for that, but that poses problems we never had to deal with before,” she said. “We may be on the front end of a trend here.”
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